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Controversial miscellaneous issues related to Islam
Right of Protection against internal aggression
It is agreed that Muslims must protect the non-Muslims living in an Islamic state from any oppression, must protect their lives as they are bound to do for all who live in the Islamic state. Some Muslim scholars said that the sin of oppressing a non Muslim is even worse than oppressing a Muslim.
Our noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was reported to have said, "He who unfairly treats a non-Muslim who keeps a peace treaty with Muslims, or undermines his rights, or burdens him beyond his capacity, or takes something from him without his consent; then I am his opponent on the Day of Judgment" (Abu Dawud and Al-Bayhaqi).
He, peace and blessings be upon him, is also reported to have said, "He who harms a non-Muslim who keeps a peace treaty with Muslims has harmed me, and he who harms me has harmed Allah" (At-Tabarani in Al-Awsat with a good chain of transmission).
Muslim citizens are duty bound to spare their hands and tongues from hurting the non-Muslim citizens, they must not keep any enmity or hatred against them. Our Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him said: "Whosoever persecuted a Dhimmi or usurplus right or took work from him beyond his capacity, or took something from him with evil intentions. I shall be a complainant against him on the Day of Resurrection." (Abu Daud and Baihaqi. See Al-Sunan al-Kubra, vol. 5, p.205, narrated by al-khatib with authentic Isnad)
Examples:
1. In his treaty with the Christians of Najran our noble prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, stated: "No man from amonjg them may be held accountable for the violations of another of his fellows" (Related by Abu yusuf in Al-kharaj).
2. The second Chaliph, Umar Ibn Elkhattab, may Allah be pleased with him, used to ask those who came to him from various provinces about the well being of non Muslims and whether they have any complaints from any kind of oppression in these provinces.
3. The fourth of the righteous Caliphs, Ali Ibn Abu Talib said, "They pay Capitation tax so that their properties and lives may be as ours"
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